For thousands of years, gold and silver have served as trusted forms of money, valued for their scarcity, durability, and universal acceptance. By the time the United States was founded, precious metals already lay at the heart of global commerce. America’s monetary story began with silver coins in colonial pockets, passed through a formal gold standard, and ultimately arrived at today’s world of fiat currency and modern investing.

Before the U.S. minted its own money, everyday transactions relied heavily on foreign silver coins, especially the Spanish dollar. Early experiments with paper money under the Articles of Confederation produced the infamous “Continentals,” which collapsed in value without precious-metal backing. The lesson was clear: stability mattered. When the founders designed a monetary  system, they anchored it to gold and silver.

That vision took shape with the Coinage Act of 1792, which established the U.S. Mint and defined the dollar in terms of both metals. This bimetallic system allowed citizens to bring gold or silver to the Mint for coinage. However, the fixed silver-to-gold ratio conflicted with market prices, causing gold to disappear from circulation, an early example of Gresham’s Law.

In 1834, Congress adjusted the ratio, bringing gold back while silver flowed out. Major discoveries like the California Gold Rush expanded metal supplies, and although bimetallism remained official policy, the U.S. increasingly functioned on a gold standard.

The Civil War disrupted that balance. To fund the conflict, the government issued greenbacks, America’s first true fiat currency, sparking inflation. After the war, officials worked to restore confidence in metal-backed money.

A decisive shift came in 1873 when free silver coinage ended, placing the U.S. firmly on a gold standard. Political backlash followed, famously culminating in William Jennings Bryan’s 1896 “Cross of Gold” speech. Gold ultimately prevailed, and the Gold Standard Act of 1900 made it official.

The gold standard supported rapid industrial growth until the Great Depression. In 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt suspended domestic gold convertibility and outlawed private gold ownership, revaluing gold and expanding the money supply. Gold continued to anchor the dollar internationally under Bretton Woods after World War II, but mounting deficits eroded confidence.

In 1971, President Nixon ended gold convertibility entirely, turning the dollar into a pure fiat currency. Inflation surged in the 1970s, and gold prices soared. When private ownership was legalized again in the mid-1970s, gold and silver entered the modern investment era.

Today, both metals trade freely through bullion, coins, and ETFs. Silver plays a growing industrial role, while gold remains a reserve asset for central banks. Even in a fiat-currency world, gold’s long history of preserving purchasing power continues to resonate.

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Natural disasters like wildfires, hurricanes, floods are becoming more frequent and intense, and their economic impact stretches far beyond immediate damage. In recent years, these disaster events have reshaped not only community resilience but national macro-financial trends.

From 1980 to 2024, the U.S. endured 403 weather and natural disasters, each costing at least $1 billion, amounting to a staggering $2.9 trillion in total damages. Bloomberg has reported that in just the first half of 2025, floods, fires, and storms caused over $101 billion in      economic losses.

How do disasters hit the Economy? We’ve seen the destruction of capital; physical assets like homes, factories, roads, and power infrastructure are destroyed or heavily damaged. That’s a direct hit to productive  capacity. When capital is lost, labor has less to work with, which reduces workers’ productivity and lowers GDP.

Disaster recovery demands large injections of Federal spending. In recent years, disaster-related federal  spending has soared. In fact, Bloomberg Intelligence  estimates that over $7.7 trillion of U.S. GDP growth since 2000 has been tied to recovery and resilience spending.

On the flip side, sectors like insurance, construction, self-storage, and energy infrastructure benefit from rebuilding. Bloomberg’s “Prepare and Repair Index,” which tracks companies tied to disaster recovery, has outperformed the S&P 500 by ~6.5% annually over the past decade.

At the local level, the effects of disaster are felt deeply. Disasters disrupt employment and business activity. Factories may halt, roads may collapse, and supply chains break, reducing economic output immediately. Poorer regions struggle most, while wealthier areas can mobilize resources to rebuild quicker,. Marginalized communities often lack the capital and insurance coverage to fully recover. Public infrastructure, such as schools or hospitals damaged in disasters, may not get rebuilt to previous levels. In some cases, populations shrink, as residents relocate permanently.

Beyond infrastructure, disasters inflict trauma, displace families, and degrade natural capital. Many of these losses aren’t captured in GDP: mental health, environmental degradation, and disrupted social networks fall through the cracks of traditional economic metrics.

“Recovery Booms” can be misleading. It’s tempting to say disasters are "good for the economy" because rebuilding creates work. But economists caution against this view. The broken window fallacy shows that destruction doesn’t create real wealth. Repairing      damage, like a broken window, stimulates spending but diverts resources from productive uses, meaning no net economic gain occurs. Rebuilding after disasters or crises may create visible activity, but it doesn’t replace what was lost or generate true growth wealth.

Even if GDP ticks up during recovery, that growth often masks destroyed value. Total output has declined, capital has been permanently lost, and long-term social costs remain.

As disasters intensify, policymakers and investors should rethink their priorities. Building resilient infrastructure, improving building codes, and expanding insurance access are no longer just moral or planning issues, they’re economic imperatives.

From a macro perspective, disaster risk is now a driver of growth in some sectors. But at the community level, resilience is a lifeline.

Photo by Chris Gallagher

Photo by Angelo Giordano

In October 2025, the United States entered the longest federal government shutdown in its history after Congress failed to pass full-year appropriations for  fiscal year 2026. The lapse began on October 1 and dragged on for 42 days, 22 hours, and 25 minutes   before lawmakers finally reached a funding deal in mid-November.

The standoff centered on spending levels, with Senate Democrats rejecting a short-term Republican funding bill. Much of the dispute revolved around health-care funding, particularly ACA tax credits. Without a continuing resolution, all non-essential federal operations ground to a halt.

The economic fallout was immediate. Goldman Sachs estimated each week of the shutdown reduced annualized GDP growth by about 0.2 percentage points and cost roughly $15 billion in lost economic activity. The Congressional Budget Office projected permanent losses of $7–14 billion even after recovery. Consumer demand weakened as hundreds of thousands of workers missed paychecks, and uncertainty spread across industries dependent on federal contracts. Key programs, from CHIPS Act initiatives to semiconductor and quantum manufacturing, faced delays, according to Democratic lawmakers.

Roughly 900,000 federal employees were furloughed, with hundreds of thousands more working without pay as “excepted” personnel. Thanks to a 2019 law, most were guaranteed retroactive pay once the government reopened. Still, delays in economic data, passport services, and other federal functions eroded public confidence.

Shutdowns also tend to worsen the deficit. Restarting agencies and catching up on delayed work often  requires extra funding, meaning the government ultimately spends more than if operations had continued uninterrupted.

Congress finally approved a funding package on November 12, ending the shutdown. The agreement extended current spending through January 30, 2026, and fully funded three of the twelve appropriations bills, Agriculture; Military Construction & Veterans Affairs; and the Legislative Branch (naturally, the branch responsible for the shutdown ensured its own funding). The deal also reversed recent workforce cuts, halted further layoffs, and formalized back pay for furloughed employees.

In practical terms, the shutdown disrupted normal economic activity and cost taxpayers more money, all while federal employees endured what amounted to a 42-day paid vacation while Congress had a paid   temper tantrum. As David Wessel of the Brookings Institution observed, shutdowns inflict real-world economic damage far beyond political theater.

The 2025 shutdown serves as a reminder of how fragile political consensus can undermine economic stability, and how essential it is for Congress to do its job.

You probably don’t think about it every day, but everyone has an estate—everything you own, from your home and savings to your favorite collectibles. The question is: what happens to all of it when you’re no longer around? That’s where estate planning comes in. Think of it as a way to ensure your wishes are honored and your loved ones are cared for, without leaving them to navigate a messy legal maze.

Estate planning isn’t just about a will. It’s a set of  documents that guide what happens if you can’t manage your finances or healthcare—or when you pass away. At a minimum, a solid plan includes a will, durable power of attorney, healthcare power of attorney, living will, and HIPAA authorization. Many people also use a revocable living trust to simplify things further. A will lays out your wishes and names an executor and guardians for minor children, but it doesn’t avoid probate—the public, court-supervised process that can slow asset    distribution and add stress to your family.

A durable power of attorney lets someone you trust handle financial matters if you’re incapacitated. Similarly, a healthcare power of attorney allows someone to make medical decisions on your behalf. A living will spells out your healthcare preferences, including end-of-life wishes, while a HIPAA form gives caregivers access to your medical information so they can make informed decisions.

For those wanting privacy and to avoid probate, a revocable living trust is a game-changer. Assets in a trust pass directly to beneficiaries without court involvement, and trusts can protect heirs from unnecessary stress or financial mismanagement. Families with larger estates or complex situations might also use irrevocable trusts, spousal lifetime access trusts (SLATs), or special-needs trusts to reduce taxes, protect assets, and manage distributions carefully.

Even if your estate is modest, planning matters. Joint   accounts, payable-on-death accounts, small estate affidavits, and annual gifting strategies can simplify transfers and reduce taxes. For anyone with minor children, having a plan is critical—without it, the state decides who cares for them and how your assets are  distributed.

The bottom line? Estate planning is about more than money—it’s about protecting loved ones and making your wishes clear. Regularly reviewing and updating your plan ensures it keeps up with changes in your life, finances, and the law. A well-crafted estate plan can prevent family disagreements, reduce stress, and provide peace of mind knowing everything is taken care of exactly the way you want.

Whether your estate is big or small, now is the time to make your plan. Work with an estate planning attorney to navigate legal and tax considerations and give yourself—and your family—the clarity and security they deserve.

Obviously these explanations are very general—each document has its own purpose and details. The key is getting this part of your financial plan checked off. We’re happy to walk through the documents and help you gather the information an attorney will need to draft them. Reach out and we’ll set up a time to make it happen.

Every September, we recognize Life Insurance Awareness Month, an important campaign dedicated to increasing public understanding of life insurance and urging people to take action and financially protect their loved ones. Despite broad acknowledgment of its       importance, millions of Americans remain uninsured or underinsured. Life moves fast, and between work, family, and day-to-day responsibilities, it’s easy to push financial planning to the back burner. But life insurance is one of those things that the peace and security enjoyed far out weights the hassle factor of getting a policy.

You might be surprised to learn that while about half of Americans own life insurance, more than 100 million adults either don’t have any coverage or feel they don’t have enough. So why do so many families go without? A big reason is cost. Many people assume life insurance is too expensive. That begs the question, expensive compared to what? A quick evaluation of personal spending can often put things in perspective.

Another hurdle is confusion. Between terms like “whole life,” “term life,” and “universal life,” and many others, the language can feel intimidating. In fact, studies show that less than a quarter of people feel confident they fully understand their options. Without someone to break it down, it’s easy to keep putting the decision off. This is where procrastination can be extremely expensive.

And of course, nobody really likes to think about what would happen if they weren’t around anymore, it’s     human nature to avoid tough topics. After all, the sun will come up tomorrow, right?

Life insurance is really about love and responsibility. It’s a safety net for the people who count on you most. If something were to happen to you, your family wouldn’t have to struggle to cover the mortgage, keep up with bills, or figure out how to pay for education, let alone pay for the funeral expenses. Instead, life insurance gives them financial breathing room so they can grieve and heal without the added stress of money worries.

Beyond the practical side, it brings enormous emotional relief knowing your family won’t be left in a difficult spot; think of it as a gift of stability.

While many people see life insurance as just a “what if” plan, it actually comes with some surprising benefits.  Certain policies build cash value over time, which you can borrow against and use for future goals. Policies also typically provide benefits tax-free to your loved ones,  giving them the full amount when they need it most.

Life Insurance Awareness Month is more than a campaign—it’s a nudge to pause, reflect, and make sure your family is protected. Whether you’re starting a family, buying a home, or just wanting to be proactive about the future, now is the perfect time to explore your options. Even a small policy can make a big difference.

At the end of the day, life insurance isn’t just about money. It’s about love, care, and making sure that, no matter what, your family is taken care of. And that peace of mind is priceless. So, go forward and Secure Tomorrow.

The One Big Beautiful Bill is set up to deliver major tax benefits for business owners, startups, and investors. This legislation is poised to reshape how businesses invest, grow, and pass wealth on to future generations.

 Top Tax Benefits for Businesses

Business owners stand to gain significantly under the new tax law, with enhanced deductions and expanded limits that support investment, innovation, and accelerated growth.

· 100% Bonus Depreciation is now permanent, allowing businesses to deduct the full cost of qualifying assets—like machinery or vehicles—in the year they’re purchased. For example, a $100,000 piece of equipment can now be fully deducted upfront rather than over 5–10 years.

· The Section 179 Expensing Limit has increased to $2.5 million, with a phase-out starting at $3.5 million in total purchases. This helps businesses write off more equipment and software purchases immediately.

R&D Expenses can now be fully deducted in the year incurred, offering huge benefits for innovation-focused companies and startups.

 Incentives for Growth and Community Investment

The bill also reinforces long-term growth and wealth transfer by making key investment incentives permanent and expanding estate planning opportunities for business owners and investors.

· New Markets Tax Credits (also known as Opportunity Zones) are now permanent, offering powerful tax incentives for investing in low-income or underserved  areas—whether through real estate or new businesses.

The Estate and Gift Tax Exemption has doubled to $15 million per person, up from $7.5 million. This allows owners to transfer significantly more wealth to heirs or through gifts without facing estate taxes.

The Bill presents several positive impacts on government spending by incorporating nearly $1.1 trillion in targeted spending reductions over a decade, promoting fiscal responsibility. It also enhances efficiency through tax code simplification, potentially lowering administrative and compliance costs. Additionally, by incentivizing private-sector investment over direct public subsidies, the bill encourages a more market-driven approach to economic growth. These benefits may be tempered by concerns over rising deficits and long-term debt, highlighting the importance of balancing tax relief with sustainable fiscal policy.

In light of these new provisions, business owners should act strategically to maximize their benefits. Now is the time to assess capital equipment needs for 2025 and  beyond, revisit succession and estate planning strategies, and explore potential investments in Opportunity Zones or research and development projects. Most importantly, meeting with a trusted tax advisor will ensure your plans align with the updated tax rules and position your business for long-term growth.

On July 4th, President Trump signed the highly anticipated One Big Beautiful Bill (the Bill), a major piece of legislation designed to extend and expand the 2017 tax cuts while adjusting federal spending priorities. Whether you’re a wage earner, retiree, parent, or homeowner, this new law introduces several changes that could directly benefit your financial situation—starting this year.

While the bill’s name suggests it’s enormous, it comes in at about 870 pages—typical for a major legislative package. Packed into those pages are several important tax breaks aimed at individuals and families.

Individuals and Married Filing Joint (MFJ)

The Bill brings a range of impactful tax changes aimed at individuals and families, locking in lower tax rates and expanded deductions for the long term.

· The 2017 tax cuts are now permanent, meaning lower income tax rates and higher standard deductions will no longer expire in 2025.

· Tip income up to $25,000 and overtime pay up to $12,500 are now income tax-free, though these benefits phase out for higher earners.

· An annual $6,000 Senior Tax Bonus is available for individuals over 65, or $12,000 for MFJ.

· The Child Tax Credit is permanently increased to $2,200 per child.

· You can now deduct up to $10,000 per year in auto loan interest, as long as the car is assembled in the U.S.

For Homeowners and Property Tax Payers

Homeowners and property taxpayers may see meaningful benefits, as the new legislation locks in key deductions and raises limits that can significantly reduce taxable income.

· The mortgage interest deduction cap of $750,000 is now permanent.

· Mortgage insurance (PMI) premiums are deductible for incomes up to $100,000.

· The State and Local Tax (SALT) deduction cap is increased to $40,000 for joint filers (with phase-outs beginning at $500,000 in income).

Changes to Clean Energy Incentives

The bill signals a shift in policy by winding down several clean energy incentives that have helped drive “green” adoption in recent years. This will cause these companies to be more competitive in the free market and not be supported by taxpayers.

· The $7,500 EV tax credit ends in September 2025.

· Home energy tax credits for efficient windows, insulation, and HVAC expire in 2026.

· Solar panel and battery storage tax credits are also phasing out after 2026.

If you're considering making energy-efficient upgrades, now may be the time to act to qualify for current incentives. Or... wait and see what happens when companies have to offer their own incentives to get people to buy these items.

This sweeping legislation marks a significant shift in U.S. tax policy, offering new opportunities for savings and long-term planning. To fully benefit, individuals and families should take time to review their tax withholdings, revisit retirement and estate strategies, and consult a financial advisor to ensure they're making the most of the expanded deductions and credits.

Planning for retirement can feel like a distant concern or a daunting task—but whether you’re just starting your career or preparing to leave the workforce, the earlier and more thoughtfully you plan, the more confident and comfortable your future can be. Here are ten smart, actionable tips to help you build a strong foundation for retirement.

1. Start Early—Or Start Now

Time is your greatest asset when saving for retirement. The earlier you start, the more your money can grow thanks to compound interest. But even if you're getting a late start, it’s not too late.

2. The Value of Consistency

No matter when you start or how much you invest, consistently contributing to your accounts has the greatest long-term impact. Building this habit takes effort and self-discipline, but it’s a powerful financial muscle that pays off over time.

3. Envision Your Retirement Lifestyle

Do you dream of quiet mornings at home, frequent travel, or pursuing a hobby or side project? Defining what retirement looks like for you will help determine how much income you’ll need to support it.

4. Estimate How Much You'll Need

Many experts recommend replacing 70% to 80% of your   pre-retirement income. Be sure to account for inflation, health care, taxes, and a potentially long retirement. Retirement calculators with a financial advisor can help you arrive at a personalized estimate.

5. Maximize Your Retirement Accounts

Make use of tax-advantaged accounts like 401(k)s, IRAs, and Roth IRAs. If your employer offers a match on your 401(k), contribute enough to get the full employer match—it’s essentially free money.

6. Invest for Growth—With Balance

Diversify your investments across stocks, bonds, and other assets based on your age, risk tolerance, and retirement timeline. Trying to time the market rarely pays off—what matters most is staying invested over time.

7. Reduce or Eliminate Debt

The less debt you carry into retirement, the more flexibility you’ll have. Focus on paying off high-interest debt first, such as credit cards and personal loans. If possible, aim to       reduce or eliminate larger debts like mortgages and auto loans before retiring.

8. Plan Ahead for Health Care

Health care can be one of the largest expenses in retirement. While Medicare covers many basics starting at age 65, it doesn’t cover everything. Consider supplemental insurance, and use a Health Savings Account (HSA), if available, to build tax-free savings for future medical costs.

9. Reevaluate Your Housing Situation

Your home may be one of your largest assets—and expenses. Consider whether it makes sense to stay put, downsize, relocate, or tap into home equity to support your retirement goals.

10. Create a Sustainable Withdrawal Strategy

Decumulation of retirement assets is even more critical than the accumulation phase. Plan when and how you’ll draw income from Social Security, retirement accounts, and   pensions. A strategic withdrawal plan can reduce taxes, extend savings, and protect against costly mistakes that can ruin a retirement plan.

BONUS Tip: Review and Adjust Your Plan Annually

Your life and financial situation will evolve. Revisit your retirement plan every year—or after major life changes—to stay on track and make informed adjustments.